AI in India’s Defense: National Security Dialogue on Military Modernization

The National Security Dialogue will focus on the strategic role of AI in India’s military preparedness. AI is transforming global defense, and while India is investing in AI-driven modernization, it faces competition from countries like the U.S., China, and Russia. Big Tech’s entry into military AI raises concerns about sovereignty and competitiveness. Challenges include limited computing power, ethical risks, and compliance with international war laws. Experts will discuss AI integration for efficiency, infrastructure gaps, and security risks.

The event features a panel discussion with military and legal experts, followed by an open discussion and Q&A to address India’s defense priorities and challenges.

AI in India’s Defense: National Security Dialogue on Military Modernization

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how countries defend themselves, and India is no exception. Around the world, militaries are racing to adopt AI technologies to stay ahead in modern warfare. India, too, has been investing in AI-driven tools to upgrade its defense systems. However, it faces tough competition from global giants like the U.S., China, and Russia, which are pouring resources into military AI. Adding to the challenge, private tech companies are now entering this space, creating both opportunities and concerns for national security.

To tackle these issues, the National Security Dialogue (NSD) recently held a session titled “AI’s Role in Strengthening India’s Military.” Organized by the Observer Research Foundation (ORF), the event brought together experts to discuss how India can harness AI for defense while addressing hurdles such as limited resources, ethical risks, and global competition.

Why AI Matters for India’s Defense

AI offers game-changing possibilities for militaries. From smarter surveillance systems to faster decision-making during crises, AI can significantly improve efficiency and accuracy. For instance, AI-powered drones can monitor borders, while predictive algorithms could help anticipate enemy movements. India recognizes this potential and has prioritized AI in its defense modernization plans. However, the country faces challenges. Unlike global powers, India still lags in access to advanced computing power and cutting-edge research infrastructure. Moreover, integrating AI into defense isn’t just about technology—it also requires balancing innovation with ethical and legal considerations.

Key Challenges: Ethics, Security, and Infrastructure

A major theme of the dialogue was addressing the risks associated with military AI. Experts highlighted concerns such as ensuring AI systems comply with international laws of war. For example, autonomous weapons must be designed to avoid harming civilians, a principle enshrined in humanitarian law. Another concern is cybersecurity—hackers could target AI systems, leading to disastrous consequences if security measures are inadequate. Additionally, over-reliance on AI might unintentionally escalate conflicts. If a system misinterprets data, it could trigger unintended military responses.

India also faces infrastructure gaps. Developing advanced AI requires high-performance computing, which is both expensive and scarce. The session emphasized the need for partnerships between the government, military, and private sector to bridge this gap.

The Roadmap: Collaboration and Innovation

The NSD session outlined practical steps to accelerate AI adoption in India’s defense sector:

1. Invest in Homegrown Technology
   Instead of relying on foreign technology, India must boost domestic innovation. Startups like Almerio Defence and Aerospace LLP, represented by co-founder Mrinal Tayal at the event, are already developing AI solutions tailored to India’s needs. Supporting such firms can reduce dependency on imports.
2. Build Trustworthy AI Systems
   Lt. Gen. (Dr.) R S Panwar from the United Service Institution (USI) emphasized the importance of creating transparent and secure AI tools. This includes rigorous testing to prevent errors and ensuring human oversight in critical decisions.
3. Strengthen Legal Frameworks
   Gunjan Chawla, a legal adviser with the International Committee of the Red Cross, highlighted the need for clear policies. India must align its AI strategies with global norms to avoid legal pitfalls and build international trust.
4. Train Military Personnel
   Major Rajprasad RS of the Army Design Bureau pointed out that soldiers need training to work alongside AI systems. This includes understanding both the capabilities and limitations of the technology.

The Way Forward

During the open discussion, participants agreed that India’s AI journey in defense requires a collaborative approach. Public-private partnerships, academic research, and global alliances could help overcome resource shortages. For example, partnering with tech giants for cloud computing or data analytics might accelerate progress.

However, experts cautioned against rushing AI adoption without proper safeguards. Ethical guidelines, transparency in AI decision-making, and regular audits of systems are essential to prevent misuse.

Conclusion

The dialogue underscored AI’s transformative potential for India’s military—from enhancing surveillance to streamlining logistics. But success depends on tackling challenges head-on: bridging infrastructure gaps, fostering innovation, and crafting robust ethical frameworks. As global rivals advance rapidly, India must act strategically to secure its position as a leader in defense AI. By combining technology with responsibility, India can build a military that’s not only smarter but also safer and more accountable.

The session ended with a clear message: AI is no longer optional for national security. It’s a necessity, and India’s path forward lies in smart investments, collaboration, and a commitment to ethical practices.